Graspieper (Anthus pratensis)

landenfilter

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1ste kj

#2449
Völtendorf Niederösterreich, Austria
25.11.2017

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#6779
Hotel Dünenschlößchen, Baltrum, Niedersachsen Aurich, Niedersachsen, Germany
08.02.2021

#12611
Busko Zdrój Województwo świętokrzyskie, Poland
09.11.2017

	aantal	langste	kleinste individu	grootste individu
handpen	10 per vleugel	63.5 - 72.5mm n=18 P₆ (83%) P₆=P₆ (11%) P₇=P₆ (6%)	1394	1563
armpen	9 per vleugel	52.5 - 62.5mm n=17 S₇ (94%) S₇=S₇ (6%)	1394	1553
staartpen	12	59.5 - 68.0mm n=16 R₅ (44%) R₃ (13%) R₅=R₆ (13%) R₄=R₅ (13%) R₄=R₅=R₆ (6%) R₃=R₄=R₅=R₆ (6%) R₃=R₅=R₅ (6%)	1393	1563

wing length¹

hand-wing-index^1,2 (HWI)

primaries-index

wing length/longest primary ratio

hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio

71 - 83mm n=26

17 - 28% n=25

17 - 21% n=14

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detailed information

The wing length is measured on the flattened and straightened wing ("maximum chord") from the carpal joint to the tip of the longest primary feather, the so-called "Kleinschmidt-method".

combined data from:
Avonet¹: 71 - 83mm n=26

The hand-wing-index, introduced by Kipp 1959, is calculated as the ratio of the hand length (difference between the length of the longest primary and the first secondary) to the wing length.

combined data from:
Avonet¹: 17 - 28% n=25,

The primaries-index is calculated as the ratio of the longest primary feather length to the first (outermost) secondary. It is the equivalent of the hand-wing index for feather measurements.

The wing length/longest primary ratio is calculated as the ratio of the wing length to the length of the longest primary feather.

The hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio is calculated as the ratio of the hand-wing index to the primaries-index.

¹ Tobias, J. A., et al. (2022). AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds.
² Kipp, Friedrich A.: "Der Handflügel-Index als flugbiologisches Maß", erschienen in "Vogelwarte - Zeitschrift für Vogelkunde", 1959, Band 20, Heft 1