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Short-toed snake eagle
Circaetus gallicus
species of Accipitridae


© Jo Kuyken
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number longest
primary 10 per wing 463.0 - 494.5mm n=2
P6 (50%) P7 (50%)
secondary 19-20 per wing 288.5 - 315.0mm n=3
S1 (100%)
retrix 12
293.0 - 308.5mm n=3
R6 (67%) R5 (33%)
wing length1 hand-wing-index1,2 (HWI) primaries-index wing length/longest primary ratio hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio
500 - 575mm n=4 31 - 44% n=4 36 - 38% n=2 no data available no data available
detailed information

The wing length is measured on the flattened and straightened wing ("maximum chord") from the carpal joint to the tip of the longest primary feather, the so-called "Kleinschmidt-method".

combined data from:
Avonet1: 500 - 575mm n=4

The hand-wing-index, introduced by Kipp 1959, is calculated as the ratio of the hand length (difference between the length of the longest primary and the first secondary) to the wing length.

combined data from:
Avonet1: 31 - 44% n=4,
The primaries-index is calculated as the ratio of the longest primary feather length to the first (outermost) secondary. It is the equivalent of the hand-wing index for feather measurements. The wing length/longest primary ratio is calculated as the ratio of the wing length to the length of the longest primary feather. The hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio is calculated as the ratio of the hand-wing index to the primaries-index.
1 Tobias, J. A., et al. (2022). AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds.
2 Kipp, Friedrich A.: "Der Handflügel-Index als flugbiologisches Maß", erschienen in "Vogelwarte - Zeitschrift für Vogelkunde", 1959, Band 20, Heft 1



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2nd cy

country allocations

extant

Afghanistan · Albania · Algeria · Andorra · Armenia · Austria (vagrant) · Azerbaijan · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Belarus · Belgium (vagrant) · Benin · Bhutan (vagrant) · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Burkina Faso · Cambodia (vagrant) · Cameroon · Central African Republic · Chad · China · Congo, The Democratic Republic of the · Côte d'Ivoire · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia (vagrant) · Denmark (vagrant) · Djibouti · Egypt · Estonia (vagrant) · Ethiopia · Finland (vagrant) · France · Gambia · Georgia · Germany (vagrant) · Ghana · Gibraltar · Greece · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Hungary · India · Indonesia · Iran, Islamic Republic of · Iraq · Israel · Italy · Jordan · Kazakhstan · Kenya (vagrant) · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lao People's Democratic Republic (vagrant) · Latvia · Lebanon · Lesotho (vagrant) · Liberia · Libya · Lithuania · Luxembourg (vagrant) · Malaysia (vagrant) · Mali · Malta (vagrant) · Mauritania · Moldova, Republic of · Mongolia · Montenegro · Morocco · Myanmar · Nepal · Netherlands (vagrant) · Niger · Nigeria · North Macedonia · Norway (vagrant) · Oman · Pakistan · Palestine, State of · Poland · Portugal · Qatar · Romania · Russian Federation · Saudi Arabia · Senegal · Serbia · Sierra Leone (vagrant) · Singapore · Slovakia · Slovenia · Somalia · South Sudan · Spain · Sudan · Sweden (vagrant) · Switzerland · Syrian Arab Republic · Tajikistan · Tanzania, United Republic of (vagrant) · Thailand (vagrant) · Timor-Leste · Togo · Tunisia · Türkiye · Turkmenistan · Uganda (vagrant) · Ukraine · United Arab Emirates · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (vagrant) · Uzbekistan · Viet Nam (vagrant) · Western Sahara · Yemen · Zambia (vagrant) ·
source: IUCN 2025. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2025-1 <www.iucnredlist.org>
assessment data: |

Hawks, eagles and old world vultures

subspecies

conservation status

  • CITES
    appendix 2
  • Regulation (EG) Nr. 865/2006
    appendix A
  • German Federal Nature Conservation Act §44
    strictly protected
  • listed in hunting law