Goldcrest (Regulus regulus)

country filter

United Arab Emirates

Afghanistan

Albania

Armenia

Angola

Austria

Azerbaijan

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bangladesh

Burkina Faso

Bulgaria

Bahrain

Burundi

Benin

Botswana

Belarus

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the

Central African Republic

Congo

Switzerland

Côte d'Ivoire

Cameroon

Cyprus

Czechia

Djibouti

Denmark

Algeria

Egypt

Western Sahara

Eritrea

Spain

Ethiopia

Finland

France

Gabon

Georgia

Ghana

Gambia

Guinea

Greece

Guinea-Bissau

Croatia

Hungary

Israel

India

Iraq

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Jordan

Kenya

Kyrgyzstan

Kuwait

Kazakhstan

Lebanon

Sri Lanka

Latvia

Libya

Morocco

Montenegro

North Macedonia

Mali

Myanmar

Mauritania

Malta

Maldives

Malawi

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Nigeria

Netherlands

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Poland

Palestine, State of

Portugal

Romania

Serbia

Russian Federation

Rwanda

Saudi Arabia

Sudan

Slovenia

Sierra Leone

Senegal

Somalia

South Sudan

Syrian Arab Republic

Eswatini

Chad

Togo

Turkmenistan

Tunisia

Türkiye

Tanzania, United Republic of

Ukraine

Uganda

Uzbekistan

Yemen

South Africa

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Belgium

Bhutan

China

Cabo Verde

Germany

Estonia

Faroe Islands

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Gibraltar

Equatorial Guinea

Ireland

Iceland

Italy

Comoros

Liechtenstein

Liberia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Monaco

Moldova, Republic of

Mongolia

Nepal

Palau

Qatar

Seychelles

Sweden

Svalbard and Jan Mayen

Slovakia

San Marino

Tajikistan

Andorra

Brunei Darussalam

Hong Kong

Indonesia

Japan

Cambodia

Korea, Democratic People's Republic of

Korea, Republic of

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Lesotho

Northern Mariana Islands

Malaysia

Philippines

Thailand

Taiwan, Province of China

United States of America

Viet Nam

Antigua and Barbuda

Anguilla

Argentina

Australia

Aruba

Barbados

Saint Barthélemy

Bermuda

Bolivia, Plurinational State of

Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba

Brazil

Bahamas

Belize

Canada

Chile

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cuba

Curaçao

Christmas Island

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Fiji

Falkland Islands (Malvinas)

Micronesia, Federated States of

Grenada

French Guiana

Greenland

Guadeloupe

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

Guatemala

Guam

Guyana

Honduras

Haiti

Jamaica

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Cayman Islands

Saint Lucia

Saint Martin (French part)

Madagascar

Macao

Martinique

Montserrat

Mauritius

Mexico

New Caledonia

Nicaragua

Panama

Peru

Papua New Guinea

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Puerto Rico

Paraguay

Solomon Islands

Singapore

Suriname

El Salvador

Sint Maarten (Dutch part)

Turks and Caicos Islands

Timor-Leste

Trinidad and Tobago

United States Minor Outlying Islands

Uruguay

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of

Virgin Islands, British

Virgin Islands, U.S.

Vanuatu

Samoa

Mayotte

New Zealand

Réunion

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

British Indian Ocean Territory

Kiribati

Sao Tome and Principe

French Southern Territories

Antarctica

Marshall Islands

Niue

American Samoa

Cook Islands

Nauru

French Polynesia

Tonga

Wallis and Futuna

Tuvalu

Norfolk Island

Tokelau

Bouvet Island

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Holy See (Vatican City State)

Pitcairn

European Russia

Central Asian Russia

Eastern Asian Russia

Canary Is.

Hawaiian Is.

Åland Islands

Great Britain

France (mainland)

Serbia

Portugal (mainland)

Isle of Man

Italy (mainland)

Spain (mainland)

Guernsey

Kosovo

Jersey

Baleares

Türkiye-in-Europe

Spanish North African Territories

Türkiye-in-Asia

Northern Ireland

Sicilia

Corsica

Sardegna

Xinjiang

ad. male

#11824
Magdeburg Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
08.10.2025

1st cy female

#2233
St. Veit/Gölsen Niederösterreich, Austria
25.10.2012

ad. male

#2746
Sömmerda, Thüringen
27.10.2014

	number	longest	smallest individual	biggest individual
primary	10 per wing	46.0 - 50.0mm n=24 P₆ (54%) P₆=P₅ (33%) P₅ (8%) P₇=P₆ (4%)	10444	10441
secondary	9 per wing	38.0 - 42.0mm n=22 S₁ (82%) S₁=S₂ (14%) S₂ (5%)	255	10445
retrix	12	39.5 - 45.5mm n=24 R₅ (46%) R₆ (17%) R₄ (13%) R₄=R₅=R₆ (8%) R₄=R₅ (8%) R₃=R₄=R₅ (4%) R₃ (4%)	10444	10443

wing length¹

hand-wing-index^1,2 (HWI)

primaries-index

wing length/longest primary ratio

hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio

49 - 56mm n=23

18 - 25% n=20

15 - 17% n=21

no data available

detailed information

The wing length is measured on the flattened and straightened wing ("maximum chord") from the carpal joint to the tip of the longest primary feather, the so-called "Kleinschmidt-method".

combined data from:
Avonet¹: 49 - 56mm n=23

The hand-wing-index, introduced by Kipp 1959, is calculated as the ratio of the hand length (difference between the length of the longest primary and the first secondary) to the wing length.

combined data from:
Avonet¹: 18 - 25% n=20,

The primaries-index is calculated as the ratio of the longest primary feather length to the first (outermost) secondary. It is the equivalent of the hand-wing index for feather measurements.

The wing length/longest primary ratio is calculated as the ratio of the wing length to the length of the longest primary feather.

The hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio is calculated as the ratio of the hand-wing index to the primaries-index.

¹ Tobias, J. A., et al. (2022). AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds.
² Kipp, Friedrich A.: "Der Handflügel-Index als flugbiologisches Maß", erschienen in "Vogelwarte - Zeitschrift für Vogelkunde", 1959, Band 20, Heft 1