Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus)

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juv. male

#1384
Röblingen am See / Seengebiet Mansfelder Land Mansfeld-Südharz, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
15.07.2015

ad. female

#1480
Salzlandkreis / Salzlandkreis
16.07.2016

1st cy female

#2206
Steubach, Eschenau Niederösterreich, Austria
10.10.2005

	number	longest	smallest individual	biggest individual
primary	10 per wing	63.0 - 78.0mm n=14 P₆ (43%) P₆=P₅ (36%) P₅ (14%) P₅=P₆ (7%)	10166	10167
secondary	9 per wing	54.0 - 68.0mm n=12 S₁ (50%) S₁=S₂ (25%) S₂ (17%) S₁=S₂=S₃ (8%)	1664	10167
retrix	12	68.0 - 84.5mm n=10 R₄ (40%) R₅ (30%) R₄=R₅ (10%) R₄=R₅=R₆ (10%) R₃=R₅ (10%)	270	10167

wing length¹

hand-wing-index^1,2 (HWI)

primaries-index

wing length/longest primary ratio

hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio

70 - 97mm n=26

18 - 23% n=24

13 - 17% n=14

⌀112%

no data available

detailed information

The wing length is measured on the flattened and straightened wing ("maximum chord") from the carpal joint to the tip of the longest primary feather, the so-called "Kleinschmidt-method".

combined data from:
Avonet¹: 70 - 97mm n=25
Featherbase: 81 - 81mm n=1

The hand-wing-index, introduced by Kipp 1959, is calculated as the ratio of the hand length (difference between the length of the longest primary and the first secondary) to the wing length.

combined data from:
Avonet¹: 18 - 23% n=24,

The primaries-index is calculated as the ratio of the longest primary feather length to the first (outermost) secondary. It is the equivalent of the hand-wing index for feather measurements.

The wing length/longest primary ratio is calculated as the ratio of the wing length to the length of the longest primary feather.

The hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio is calculated as the ratio of the hand-wing index to the primaries-index.

¹ Tobias, J. A., et al. (2022). AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds.
² Kipp, Friedrich A.: "Der Handflügel-Index als flugbiologisches Maß", erschienen in "Vogelwarte - Zeitschrift für Vogelkunde", 1959, Band 20, Heft 1

juv.

#3578
Mansfelder Land / Seengebiet Mansfelder Land
17.06.2018