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Eurasian coot
species of Rallidae


© Thomas Hochebner
number longest lengths distribution of longest primary smallest individual biggest individual
primary 10 per wing 156.5 - 180.0mm n=10
P8 (50%) P7 (30%) P8=P7 (20%)
11871
secondary 17-18 per wing 134.0 - 154.0mm n=10
S11 (60%) S12 (40%)
11871
retrix 12-14
64.5 - 73.5mm n=4
R2 (50%) R4 (25%) R2=R3 (25%)
3109
wing length1 hand-wing-index1,2 (HWI) primaries-index wing length/longest primary ratio hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio
184 - 218mm n=10 37 - 42% n=8 24 - 29% n=9 ⌀126% no data available
detailed information

The wing length is measured on the flattened and straightened wing ("maximum chord") from the carpal joint to the tip of the longest primary feather, the so-called "Kleinschmidt-method".

combined data from:
Avonet1: 184 - 218mm n=9
Featherbase: 198 - 198mm n=1

The hand-wing-index, introduced by Kipp 1959, is calculated as the ratio of the hand length (difference between the length of the longest primary and the first secondary) to the wing length.

combined data from:
Avonet1: 37 - 42% n=8,
The primaries-index is calculated as the ratio of the longest primary feather length to the first (outermost) secondary. It is the equivalent of the hand-wing index for feather measurements. The wing length/longest primary ratio is calculated as the ratio of the wing length to the length of the longest primary feather. The hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio is calculated as the ratio of the hand-wing index to the primaries-index.
1 Tobias, J. A., et al. (2022). AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds.
2 Kipp, Friedrich A.: "Der Handflügel-Index als flugbiologisches Maß", erschienen in "Vogelwarte - Zeitschrift für Vogelkunde", 1959, Band 20, Heft 1



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country allocations

extant

Afghanistan · Albania · Algeria · Armenia · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Belarus · Belgium · Bhutan · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Brunei Darussalam (vagrant) · Bulgaria · Burkina Faso · Cambodia · Canada (vagrant) · Chad · China · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Djibouti (vagrant) · Egypt · Estonia · Ethiopia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Gibraltar (vagrant) · Greece · Greenland (vagrant) · Guam (vagrant) · Hong Kong · Hungary · Iceland · India · Indonesia · Iran, Islamic Republic of · Iraq · Ireland · Israel · Italy · Japan · Jordan · Kazakhstan · Korea, Democratic People's Republic of · Korea, Republic of · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lao People's Democratic Republic · Latvia · Lebanon · Libya · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Malaysia · Maldives (vagrant) · Mali · Malta · Mauritania · Moldova, Republic of · Mongolia · Montenegro · Morocco · Myanmar · Nepal · Netherlands · New Zealand · Niger · Nigeria · North Macedonia · Northern Mariana Islands · Norway · Oman · Pakistan · Palestine, State of · Philippines · Poland · Portugal · Qatar · Romania · Russian Federation · Saudi Arabia · Senegal · Serbia · Singapore · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sri Lanka · Sudan · Svalbard and Jan Mayen (vagrant) · Sweden · Switzerland · Syrian Arab Republic · Taiwan, Province of China · Tajikistan · Thailand · Timor-Leste · Tunisia · Türkiye · Turkmenistan · Ukraine · United Arab Emirates · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland · United States of America (vagrant) · Uzbekistan · Viet Nam · Western Sahara · Yemen ·
source: IUCN 2025. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2025-1 <www.iucnredlist.org>
assessment data: |

Rails and cranes

conservation status

  • CITES
    not listed
  • Regulation (EG) Nr. 865/2006
    not listed
  • German Federal Nature Conservation Act §44
    protected
  • listed in hunting law