Lesser Whitethroat (Curruca curruca)

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#10688
Mirachowo- Bącz Województwo pomorskie, Poland
30.05.2019

ad.

#9078
Oebisfelde Landkreis Börde, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
02.06.2023

1st cy

#2210
Bernreith, Rohrbach/Gölsen Niederösterreich, Austria
19.08.1989

ad. male

#1358
Groß Ammensleben Landkreis Börde, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
21.04.2016

	number	longest	smallest individual	biggest individual
primary	10 per wing	49.0 - 59.5mm n=26 P₆ (38%) P₇ (27%) P₇=P₆ (19%) P₈=P₇ (4%) P₈=P₇=P₆ (4%) P₆=P₅ (4%) P₉ (4%)	12038
secondary	9 per wing	45.0 - 50.0mm n=25 S₁ (72%) S₁=S₂ (28%)	12256
retrix	12	55.5 - 69.0mm n=25 R₃ (36%) R₂=R₃ (20%) R₄ (12%) R₄=R₅ (8%) R₃=R₄ (8%) R₂=R₃=R₄ (4%) R₁=R₃=R₂ (4%) R₅ (4%) R₃=R₄=R₅ (4%)	12256	12043

wing length¹

hand-wing-index^1,2 (HWI)

primaries-index

wing length/longest primary ratio

hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio

63 - 65mm n=2

no data available

8 - 18% n=18

⌀118%

no data available

detailed information

The wing length is measured on the flattened and straightened wing ("maximum chord") from the carpal joint to the tip of the longest primary feather, the so-called "Kleinschmidt-method".

combined data from:
Featherbase: 63 - 65mm n=2

The hand-wing-index, introduced by Kipp 1959, is calculated as the ratio of the hand length (difference between the length of the longest primary and the first secondary) to the wing length.

combined data from:

The primaries-index is calculated as the ratio of the longest primary feather length to the first (outermost) secondary. It is the equivalent of the hand-wing index for feather measurements.

The wing length/longest primary ratio is calculated as the ratio of the wing length to the length of the longest primary feather.

The hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio is calculated as the ratio of the hand-wing index to the primaries-index.

¹ Tobias, J. A., et al. (2022). AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds.
² Kipp, Friedrich A.: "Der Handflügel-Index als flugbiologisches Maß", erschienen in "Vogelwarte - Zeitschrift für Vogelkunde", 1959, Band 20, Heft 1