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Pallid Harrier
Circus macrourus
species of Accipitridae


© Herbert Henderkes
number longest
primary 10 per wing no data available
secondary no data available
retrix 12
no data available
wing length1 hand-wing-index1,2 (HWI) primaries-index wing length/longest primary ratio hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio
334 - 388mm n=9 49 - 54% n=8 no data available no data available no data available
detailed information

The wing length is measured on the flattened and straightened wing ("maximum chord") from the carpal joint to the tip of the longest primary feather, the so-called "Kleinschmidt-method".

combined data from:
Avonet1: 334 - 388mm n=9

The hand-wing-index, introduced by Kipp 1959, is calculated as the ratio of the hand length (difference between the length of the longest primary and the first secondary) to the wing length.

combined data from:
Avonet1: 49 - 54% n=8,
 The primaries-index is calculated as the ratio of the longest primary feather length to the first (outermost) secondary. It is the equivalent of the hand-wing index for feather measurements. The wing length/longest primary ratio is calculated as the ratio of the wing length to the length of the longest primary feather. The hand-wing-index/primaries-index ratio is calculated as the ratio of the hand-wing index to the primaries-index.
1 Tobias, J. A., et al. (2022). AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds.
2 Kipp, Friedrich A.: "Der Handflügel-Index als flugbiologisches Maß", erschienen in "Vogelwarte - Zeitschrift für Vogelkunde", 1959, Band 20, Heft 1


country allocations

extant

Afghanistan · Albania · Algeria · Angola · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Belarus · Belgium · Benin · Bhutan (vagrant) · Botswana · Bulgaria · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cameroon · Central African Republic · Chad · China · Congo, The Democratic Republic of the · Côte d'Ivoire · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Djibouti · Egypt · Eritrea · Estonia · Eswatini (vagrant) · Ethiopia · Finland · France · Gambia · Georgia · Germany · Ghana · Gibraltar · Greece · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Hungary · Iceland (vagrant) · India · Iran, Islamic Republic of · Iraq · Israel · Italy · Japan (vagrant) · Jordan · Kazakhstan · Kenya · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Latvia · Lebanon · Lesotho (vagrant) · Liberia · Libya · Liechtenstein (vagrant) · Luxembourg (vagrant) · Malawi · Malaysia (vagrant) · Maldives · Mali · Malta · Mauritania · Moldova, Republic of · Mongolia · Montenegro · Mozambique · Myanmar · Namibia · Nepal · Netherlands · Niger · Nigeria · North Macedonia · Norway · Oman · Pakistan · Palestine, State of · Qatar · Romania · Russian Federation · Rwanda · Saudi Arabia · Senegal · Serbia · Sierra Leone · Slovakia · Slovenia · Somalia · South Africa · South Sudan · Spain · Sri Lanka · Sudan · Sweden · Switzerland · Syrian Arab Republic · Tajikistan · Tanzania, United Republic of · Togo · Tunisia · Türkiye · Turkmenistan · Uganda · Ukraine · United Arab Emirates · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (vagrant) · Yemen · Zambia · Zimbabwe ·

possibly extinct

Uzbekistan ·
source: IUCN 2025. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2025-1 <www.iucnredlist.org>
assessment data: |

Accipitriformes
Hawks, eagles and old world vultures

conservation status

  • CITES
    appendix 2
  • Regulation (EG) Nr. 865/2006
    appendix A
  • German Federal Nature Conservation Act §44
    strictly protected
  • listed in hunting law